§ What is memoization all about

Memoization is a technique used to optimize functions by caching their results for specific inputs, so that the function does not have to recompute the same result for the same inputs again. This can greatly improve the performance of the function, especially for functions that are called multiple times with the same inputs.

Here is an example of memoization in JavaScript:

const cache = {};
function add(a, b) {
  const key = [a, b].toString();
  if (cache[key]) {
    return cache[key];
  }
  return cache[key] = a + b;
}

console.log(add(1, 2)); // Output: 3
console.log(add(1, 2)); // Output: 3

Memoization is used to speed up the execution of function by storing the results of function calls with specific inputs in a cache, so that the function does not have to recompute the same result for the same inputs again. This technique can be applied to any function that returns a value and has a small set of inputs.